TRAINING
Meaning and Definition of Training Human resource
management has various functions such as manpower planning , recruitment , selection , compensation , etc. but training is one of the most important functions of human resource management . Training can be defined as the systematic attempt to enhance the specific skills , desired behaviour , and knowledge of employees which are necessary for performing a job effectively . Employee training begins soon after the orientation process . It is for a short time period and it is for non - managerial personnel . It is essential for the growth of the organisation as well as for the employees .
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
According to Dale S. Beach ,
" Training is the organised procedure by which people learn knowledge and / or skill for a definite purpose " .
According to H. John Bernardin ,
" Training is any attempt to improve employee performance on a currently held job or one related to it " .
According to Edwin B. Flippo ,
" Training is an act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job " .
According to Planty , Cord and Efferson ,
" Training is the continuous , systematic development among all levels of employees of that knowledge and their skills and attitude which contribute to their welfare and that of the company " .
Purposes of Training
Purposes of training are as follows :
1 ) To Increase Employee Eficiency : Tining aims to increase the efficiency of the employee by imparting the skills needed to perform the task in a better way . It reduces the gap between the actual and desired performance .
2 ) To Upgrade Employee's Skills : In this ever changing environment of technical advancement , organisations are required to keep a close watch on the different activities and changes occurring win it environment . Here , the job of keeping the employee fully armed with the information and skill needed for the performance of a specific task becomes more necessary . Training is essential to keep the employee updated in advance and incorporate the technological changes in accordance with the systems and procedures of the organisation .
3 ) To Avoid or Delay Managerial Obsolescence :
If there is no initiative taken on the part of the managers in adopting the recent trends of technology , it will be considered as a failure of the management to cope up with the changes within the environment . This failure also reduces the organisational performance . Hence , training aims to avoid such situation in the organisation .
4 ) To Prepare Employees for Undertaking Higher Positions : Training generally aims to prepare the employees to handle more responsibilities by imparting additional skills required for the performance of a challenging task . It increases the confidence of employees to perform in a better way .
5 ) To Reduce the Employee Turnover :
Training aims to reduce the employee attrition rate by simply infusing enthusiasm and motivating them to perform their job in a smooth manner . At the same time ,employees are rest assured about the career progress . Training stimulates and restores dedication among the employees for the organisation . Thus , managers are supposed to facilitate proper training programmes , especially for the bright employees .
6 ) To Achieve Organisational Excellence :
Training sharpens the existing skills of the employees which ultimately results in better performance of the employees , reduced rate of accidents , lower breakdowns of the machines and ultimately a more competitive organisation with a skilled workforce . All these factors enhance the organisational sustainability by creating a pool of educated and skilled workforce who can help the organisation in managing the competitive edge.
Types of Training
There are several types of training and development programmes that are followed by the companies . Some of them are as follows :
1 ) Induction Training :
Induction training , also known as orientation training is conducted with an aim to introduce the new employees to the organisation and its culture . This training plays a very important role in making them comfortable and settling them quickly within the environment of the organisation . Under this training method , new staff is introduced with the goals and objectives of the company , rules and regulations to be followed , activities to be performed by them , expectations from them , policies to be undertaken , etc.
2 ) Competency - Based Training ( CBT ) :
It is a kind of vocational training in which new employees are trained according to the standards of the organisation . It does not focus on the individual development , bot determines the capabilities of the individual at the workplace after giving proper training . It prepares the new employees for the competitions that they may face in future ,
3 ) Knowledge Training :
Employees working in any corporation must have thorough knowledge about the job they are going to perform . Thus , knowledge training is given to new employees to improve their knowledge and understanding regarding any particular issue of the organisation . This type of training not only motivates the employees to perform better , but helps in maintaining more efficient and attentive staff that further prepares the organisation against various competitions .
4 ) Skills Training :
There are certain basic skills that are required by an individual in his entire working period in the company . These skills such as self - management , coordination , leadership , computations , communication , etc. are imparted through lectures , workshops , counselling , apprenticeship and various other methods within the company itself . This kind of training programme is very common in organisations .
5 ) Cross - Functional Training :
It is usually given to the employees who can undertake job responsibilities of other departments easily . There are few methods by which this type of training can be given to the employees , like job rotation , in which the employees are asked to perform different jobs of same functional area , in different sections of the organisation for certain time duration , so that they can understand the working of other departments also . Besides this , good performers can also guide other employees on how to deal with other departmental functions .
6 ) Team Training :
Content tasks and group processes are the two fields which come in this type of training . " Content tasks " are aimed at specifying the objectives of the team such as cost management , profit - making . and problem - solving , etc. While the aim of " group processes " is to reveal the manner in which the group members work as a team , the way of interaction , resolve conflicts , etc. Organisations adopt various training methods like adventure learning in order to develop esprit de corps among the group members .
7 ) Creativity Training :
In today's competitive world , every organisation needs innovative and experienced candidates for their company . One who thinks out of the box is considered as most creative person and this is what organisations are searching for . Thus , the corporate sectors use various brainstorming methods and creativity training techniques to provide such training to new employees , which make them pioneer , and more competent with outstanding performance .
8 ) Diversity Training :
Diversity training focuses on increasing awareness about cultural diversity among the employees and how pleasant working conditions can be developed in a cross - cultural working environment . This type of training helps employees to cope up with the cross - cultural sensitivity issue .
